Electric vehicles (EVs) are growing in popularity as more environmentally friendly alternatives to gas-powered cars. A crucial accessory for any EV owner is a reliable charging cable to power up the vehicle’s battery. With more EV makes and models available now than ever, finding the appropriate EV charging cable can be confusing. This guide will provide an overview of the types and what to consider when selecting one.
EV Charging Cable Basics
EV charging cables, also called EV supply equipment (EVSE), provide the physical connection from the charging station or electrical outlet to the EV itself. The cable delivers electricity from the power source to the EV battery to restore its range. Most public charging stations have the cables permanently attached, but EV owners can also invest in their cables for home charging. Cables are differentiated based on aspects like:
- Length – Cables typically range from 12 to 25 feet. Consider where and how frequently you’ll charge the EV when choosing a length.
- Charging speed – Faster charging cables allow you to power up quicker but are more expensive.
- Connector type– The connector must be compatible with your vehicle’s make and model. Common connectors include J1772, CCS, CHAdeMO, and Tesla.
When shopping for a charging cable, the two most important factors are identifying compatible connections and sufficient length based on your needs. Charging speed preferences and budget also play a role in selecting the best option.
Levels 1 and 2 Home EV Charging
There are two main charging levels for EVs – Level 1 and Level 2. Level 1 charging plugs into a standard 120V household outlet using an included portable cord set. Level 1 provides sufficient charging speed for most daily commuting needs, adding about 3 to 5 miles of range per hour of charging. This can work well for EV owners driving fewer than 40 miles daily.
Level 2 charging requires a dedicated 240V electrical circuit and charges six to seven times faster than a Level 1 connection. Most public stations provide Level 2 charging, adding over 20 miles of battery range per hour set. Level 2 works better for daily drivers, busy families, and EV owners without workplace or public charging access. Installing a Level 2 charging station at home requires professional electrical expertise, but it delivers faster, more efficient charging over time.
When selecting a Level 2 system and cable for your EV, consider the following:
- Amperage – a higher amperage rating (typically between 16A and 80A) equates to faster charging.
- Length – choose a longer cable if your charging area is far from the power source.
- Connector type – match the connector on the cable to your vehicle. J1772 is the most common for Level 2.
Investing in the best EV charging cables that suit your household needs and vehicle specifications allows you to set your EV safely and conveniently.
Public Charging Station Cable
Most days, EV drivers staying closer to home can rely primarily on residential charging. But for longer trips, having the ability to charge on the go at a public station is essential. Most public charging points have the charging cables permanently connected at different lengths. With public charging, knowing which charge connector you’ll need beforehand ensures station compatibility with your vehicle.
Tesla vehicles have their own proprietary Supercharger network available exclusively for their owners. Check if the public charging station has J1772, CCS, or CHAdeMO connections for non-Tesla EVs. J1772 works for all non-Tesla North American EV connections. CCS can charge most electric vehicles quickly and is becoming more widely adopted globally. The CHAdeMO connector standard is on some electric models like the Nissan LEAF. Identify the charging connector that pairs with your vehicle make and model before relying on public charging.
Carrying an adapter in your EV is also wise if you travel between areas using different public charging connections. Adapters allow flexibility between plug types when you’re on the road. Just buy reputable branded charging equipment and cables to avoid safety hazards.
Factors that Impact Charging Speed
How fast an electric vehicle battery charges depends on more than just the charging equipment. Conditions related to the EV model and the electrical wiring also impact charging speeds.
EV factors that affect charge time:
- Battery size – Longer-range EVs generally have larger battery packs that take more time to charge. Charging a depleted 300-mile EV battery takes hours longer than a 100-mile EV battery.
- Charging capacity – The onboard charging system’s voltage rating can process energy from lower amperage charging connections more slowly. Higher capacity systems can handle increased electrical flow for faster charging speeds.
- Battery chemistry – Some EV batteries charge rapidly to 80% but then slow down and require more time to top off the final 20% capacity.
Charging infrastructure factors:
- Amperage rating – Higher amperage allows more electricity to transfer through the cable and connector. This equates to faster charging times when the EV system can handle the increased amps.
- Condition – Faulty, damaged, outdated, or unmaintained charging cables and connectors will deliver electricity at reduced speeds and limit the charging rate.
While driving and charging habits significantly influence charge times, the right charging cable ensures your EV’s battery powers up safely and efficiently within its technical capabilities.
Safety Tips for Using EV Charging Cables
Follow these precautions when handling and connecting EV charging cables:
- Never use a visibly damaged cable or force connectors into the charge port. Faulty cables pose serious safety risks of electric shock or fire.
- Be aware of tripping hazards when laying cables across walkways and coil excess slack evenly.
- Do not wrap charging cables tightly around the EVSE for storage between uses.
- Avoid using extension cords not specifically rated for EV charging – they may overheat with prolonged high-voltage use.
- Always connect the cable to the vehicle before plugging it into the power source. Reverse this order when disconnecting.
- Use cable locking holsters or retractable reels to prevent theft when leaving a vehicle unattended on public chargers.
- Store EV charging cables indoors away from weather exposure, moisture, and UV rays to maximize lifespan.
It’s also wise to research if your EV manufacturer offers charging safeguards like automatic shutoff times or output adjustments to avoid overcharging. Following basic precautions keeps your EV’s charging system secure and hazard-free for family and friends.
Choosing the Right Cable for Your EV
Purchasing the most appropriate EV charging cable for your vehicle and household or travel needs ensures convenient, efficient, and safe charging experiences over your EV ownership. Compare connector types, cable length, charging speed, durability, and price to select compatible and affordable charging equipment tailored to your situation. With more vehicle options and public charging infrastructure expanding EV adoption, investing in proper cables simplifies tapping into power sources wherever you roam.